History 102: Western Civilization Modernity and the Modern State Short Answer Questions

2. Of the following, which state was an exception to the development of a centralized state through a pattern of king-army-taxes?
a.  Dutch Republic
b.  Holy Roman Empire
c.  France
d.  Spain

3. Whose marriage in fifteenth-century Spain united the kingdoms of Castille and Aragon?
a. Francisco and Joanna
b. Ferdinand and Isabella
c. Ricardo and Lucia
d. Samson and Delilah

4. An insight into the degree of Charles V's power can be seen in the fact that he
a.  ruled Spain, the Netherlands, and Austria.
b.  never became Holy Roman Emperor.
c.  strongly supported the Protestant cause.
d.  enforced a Europe-wide lasting peace.

5. The Spanish king who married Mary Tudor of England and sent the Spanish Armada to invade England was
a. Charles V
b. Roderigo II
c. Christopher Columbus
d. Philip II

6. The Spanish Armada sailed against England in the year _____________.

7. Philip II engaged in each of the following policies except
a.  leading a holy crusade against Protestant England.
b.  sending a huge land army into the Netherlands.
c.  intervening in the French religious wars.
d.  enforcing religious toleration within Spain.

8. Who granted toleration to French Protestants, perhaps largely because he had once been a Protestant himself?
a.  Francis II
b.  Louis XIV
c.  Charles V
d.  Henry IV

9. Which of the following best describes the policies of Cardinal Richelieu?
a. he wished to grant religious toleration to Huguenots
b. he supported the French nobles against the king
c. his policies were based more on raisons d'etat than religion
d. he wished to make the Pope ruler of France

10. What was the Fronde?
a. a revolt in France when Louis XIV was still a child
b. a war between Spain and the Netherlands
c. a special English official charged with enforcing Parliament' laws
d. a famous restaurant in Germany which featured 2 for 1 Rolling Rocks on Friday nights

11. Place the following in correct chronological order:
1.the defeat of the Spanish Armada
2.the beginning of the Protestant Reformation in Germany
3.the French Revolution
4.Oliver Cromwell rules in England
a. 1,4,3,2
b. 4,2,3,1
c. 2,1,4,3
d. 3,4,2,1

12. The visible symbol of the power of Louis XIV was his magnificent palace at
a. Versailles
b. Hotel du Roi
c. the Louvre
d. Mazarin

13. According to your text, the absolutism of Louis XIV contained which fatal flaw?
a. his harsh oppression sparked numerous peasant revolts which eventually overthrew his government
b. his army and police were not large enough to keep order
c. his progressive taxation policies impoverished the French aristocracy
d. his belligerent foreign policy and numerous wars created a huge national debt

14. The differences between political development in England and France in the early modern period included
a. the English system developed out of a tradition of common, or national law, rather than feudal, or regional law
b. representatives in the English Parliament were elected strictly according to class, while those of the French Estates General were elected across class lines
c. English members of Parliament voted collectively, as clergy, nobles, or commoners, rather than as individuals
d. all of the above

15. The Protestant Reformation in England was initiated by which king?
a. Edward VI
b. Henry VIII
c. James I
d. Charles II

16. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 in England was a victory for
a. James II
b. Parliament
c. Catholicism
d. absolutism

17. According to your text, how did Germany differ from England, France, Spain, and the Netherlands in the early modern period?
a. Germans developed a far more unified, powerful state
b. Germany developed a middle-class republican form of government while the other countries remained monarchies
c. the German aristocracy was less powerful than nobles of the other countries
d. Germans did not achieve national unity like the others